A conveyance instrument where the grantor guarantees the title only against defects arising during their period of ownership is referred to as a specific type of deed. This means the grantor is only liable for claims against the title that originated while they held the property. For example, if a previous owner created an encumbrance, the current grantor is not responsible under this type of deed. The warranty is thus “special” because it’s limited to the grantor’s period of ownership, differing from a general warranty deed that covers the entire history of the property.
The use of this specific type of deed offers a degree of protection to the grantee while also limiting the grantor’s liability. It’s frequently employed in situations where the grantor is not entirely familiar with the property’s history or is unwilling to assume responsibility for past title defects. Its prominence has grown over time as a middle ground between quitclaim deeds (offering no warranty) and general warranty deeds (offering the broadest protection). This provides a balanced approach to risk allocation in property transactions.